Countervailing power in its most general form has three characteristics. It is located on the other side of the market; it is based on a conflict of interest between the opponents in the market; and it leads not only to a transfer of profits between the two marketers but also to a passing on of monopoly profits to traders in subsequent markets. Countervailing power is thus believed to be a principle of great generality that not only determines prices but also tends to equalize distributional shares in markets.
A new type of intellectual has been created by the party to lead the others; he is efficient, unscrupulous, and basically uninterested in the search for trust and beauty. Speaking of a young leader of the party, a former Communist described him thus: "he has scorn for intellectual speculation. He represents discipline, efficiency, concreteness. He has a varnish but not enough culture to be impregnated with humanism. He represents the new type of Communist intellectual, the barbarian who possesses techniques and no ethics."
A better illustration of the health of the trade-union movements of western Europe is the fact that in all the countries, except France and Italy, the movements are strong and effective in every important industry and service. This was not true before the war, or before the Nazi and Fascist regimes.
The thesis of this paper is the old and simple one that we shall not find our way to a society that prefers Platonic conversion to conversion in its more dangerous forms until we regain the understanding that man is a political animal, that statesmanship is action in circumstance, and that politics is a "balance between good and evil."
In improving the technology, entrepreneurs play a vital role. [In this paper] the term entrepreneur is used to designate those persons who, in an ultimate sense, control the decisions made in productive enterprises and also carry some responsibility for the decisions made. Four types of entrepreneurs will be distinguished, in accordance with Danhof's suggestive terminology. First, "innovating entrepreneurs," second, "imitating entrepreneurs," third, "Fabian entrepreneurs," and finally, "drone entrepreneurs."
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