Steven Aftergood directs the Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy, which works to reduce the scope of national security secrecy and to promote reform of official secrecy practices. He writes Secrecy News, an email newsletter and blog that reports on new developments in secrecy policy. He joined the FAS staff in 1989. In 1997, Mr. Aftergood was the plaintiff in a Freedom of Information Act lawsuit against the Central Intelligence Agency, which led to the declassification and publication of the total intelligence budget ($26.6 billion in 1997) for the first time in fifty years. In 2006, he won a FOIA lawsuit against the National Reconnaissance Office for release of unclassified budget records. He has authored or co-authored papers and essays in Scientific American, Science, New Scientist, Issues in Science and Technology, and Yale Law and Policy Review.

David Z. Albert is Frederick E. Woodbridge Professor of Philosophy and Director of M.A. Program in The Philosophical Foundations of Physics at Columbia University. He is the author of Quantum Mechanics and Experience and Time and Chance and has published many articles on quantum mechanics, mostly in the Physical Review. His areas of specialization are Philosophical Problems of Modern Physics, Philosophy of Quantum Mechanics, Philosophy of Space and Time, and Philosophy of Science.

David D. Aufhauser is a managing director of UBS and a member of the management committee and board of the investment bank. He serves as the global general counsel of the bank and as UBS AG general counsel for the Americas. Prior to joining UBS, he was general counsel of the U.S. Department of Treasury, served on the Department of Justice Corporate Fraud Task Force, chaired the National Security Council’s committee on terrorist financing, was counsel to the president’s working group on financial markets, and supervised the Treasury Department’s economic sanctions program, financial crime investigations, enforcement of the Bank Secrecy Act, and implementation of the Patriot Act. For his public service, he received the Treasury Department’s highest honor, the Alexander Hamilton Award, as well as awards for leadership and distinction in diplomacy, intelligence, and law enforcement from the U.S. Department of State, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Central Intelligence Agency, and the U.S. Secret Service. Mr. Aufhauser serves as a senior adviser at CSIS and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He received his M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, his law degree from the University of Pennsylvania, and is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of Wesleyan University. Mr. Aufhauser has testified frequently before Congress and has been a guest lecturer at the Harvard Law School, Georgetown University Law School, MIT Sloan School of Management, American University, Johns Hopkins University, and at Jesus College at Cambridge University, England.

David T. Barstow has been an investigative reporter for The New York Times since May 2002. In 2009, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting for "Message Machine," two articles that exposed a covert Pentagon campaign to use retired military officers, working as analysts for television and radio networks, to reiterate administration "talking points" about the war on terror. Mr. Barstow also received the SPJ's (Society for Professional Journalism) 2008 Sigma Delta Chi Award for Washington Correspondence for the series, as well as the George Polk National Reporting award. Mr. Barstow joined The Times in April 1999, as a reporter for the Metro desk. He covered the presidential election in 2000, particularly the Florida recount, and wrote extensively about financial aid for the victims of the Sept. 11 attacks. In April, articles written by Mr. Barstow and Lowell Bergman, which examined death and injury among American workers and exposed employers who break basic safety rules, were awarded the Pulitzer Prize in Public Service.

Ronald Bayer is Professor at the Center for the History and Ethics of Public Health in the Department of Sociomedical Sciences at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, where he has taught for 14 years. He has taken a leadership role in the HIV Center's work on ethics since the Center's beginnings and is now Co-Director of the Ethics, Policy, and Human Rights Core. Prior to coming to Columbia, he was at the Hastings Center, a research institute devoted to the study of ethical issues in medicine and the life sciences. Dr. Bayer's research has examined ethical and policy issues in public health, with a special focus on AIDS, tuberculosis, illicit drugs, and tobacco. His broader goal is to develop an ethics of public health. He is an elected member of the IOM, serves on its Board on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, and has served on IOM committees dealing with the social impact of AIDS, tuberculosis elimination, vaccine safety, smallpox vaccination, and the Ryan White Care Act. His articles on AIDS have appeared in the New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet, the American Journal of Public Health, and The Milbank Quarterly. His books include Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: The Politics of Diagnosis (1981), Private Acts, Social Consequences: AIDS and the Politics of Public Health (1989), AIDS in the Industrialized Democracies: Passions, Politics and Policies (1991, edited with David Kirp), Confronting Drug Policy: Illicit Drugs in a Free Society (1993, edited with Gerald Oppenheimer), Blood Feuds: Blood, AIDS and the Politics of Medical Disaster (1999, edited with Eric Feldman), AIDS Doctors: Voices from the Epidemic (2000, written with Gerald Oppenheimer), Mortal Secrets: Truth and Lies in the Age of AIDS (2003, written with Robert Klitzman), and Unfiltered: Conflicts over Tobacco Policy and Public Health (2004 Harvard University Press, edited with Eric Feldman).

Christopher Capozzola is an Associate Professor of History at the Massachusetts Instutite of Technology. He teaches courses in political and legal history, cultural history, and the history of race, gender, and class. In 2009, he won the James A. and Ruth Levitan Award for excellence in teaching in the School of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences. He is author of Uncle Sam Wants You: World War I and the Making of the Modern American Citizen (Oxord University Press) and an article based on his research won the Louis Pelzer Memorial Award of the Organization of American Historians and the Biennial Article Prize of the Society for Historians of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. He is now working on Brothers of the Pacific: Soldier, Citizens, and the Philippines from 1898 to the War on Terror. An essay, “Minutemen for the World: Empire, Citizenship, and the National Guard, 1903-1924,” was published in Colonial Crucible: Empire in the Making of the Modern American State (University of Wisconsin Press). He has published articles and essays in American Quarterly, Georgetown Law Journal, Journal of American History, Journal of Women's History, New England Quarterly, and Rethinking History, as well as in popular periodicals including The Boston Globe, Christian Science Monitor, The Nation, New Labor Forum, The Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Washington Post Book World.

Julie E. Cohen is Professor of Law at the Georgetown University Law Center and a Visiting Professor at the Harvard Law School. She teaches and writes about intellectual property law and privacy law, with
particular focus on copyright and on the intersection of copyright and privacy rights in the networked information society. She is the author of The Networked Self: Copyright, Privacy, and the Production of
Networked Space (forthcoming, Yale University Press) and a co-author of Copyright in a Global Information Economy (Aspen Law & Business, 2d ed. 2006). Professor Cohen is a member of the Advisory Boards of the Electronic Privacy Information Center and Public Knowledge.

Daniel Ellsberg became a strategic analyst at the RAND Corporation in 1959 and consultant to the Defense Department and the White House, specializing in problems of the command and control of nuclear weapons, nuclear war plans, and crisis decision-making. He joined the Defense Department in 1964 as Special Assistant to Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs), John McNaughton, working on Vietnam. He transferred to the State Department in 1965 to serve two years at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon, evaluating pacification on the front lines. On return to the RAND Corporation in 1967, he worked on the Top Secret McNamara study of U.S. Decision-making in Vietnam, 1945-68, which later came to be known as the Pentagon Papers. In 1969, he photocopied the 7,000 page study and gave it to the Senate Foreign Relations Committee; in 1971 he gave it to the New York Times, the Washington Post and 17 other newspapers. His trial, on twelve felony counts posing a possible sentence of 115 years, was dismissed in 1973 on grounds of governmental misconduct against him, which led to the convictions of several White House aides and figured in the impeachment proceedings against President Nixon. Daniel’s book Secrets: A Memoir of Vietnam and the Pentagon Papers reached bestseller lists across the nation. It won the PEN Center USA Award for Creative Nonfiction, the American Book Award, the Bay Area Book Reviewers Association Prize for Non-Fiction, and was a Finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize. In December 2006 Daniel was awarded the 2006 Right Livelihood Award, known as the “Alternative Nobel Prize,” in Stockholm, Sweden. He was acknowledged “for putting peace and truth first, at considerable personal risk, and dedicating his life to a movement to free the world from the risk of nuclear war.”

James Miller is Chair of Liberal Studies and Professor of Political Science at the New School for Social Research. His latest book, Examined Lives: From Socrates to Nietzsche, will be published next year by Farrar Straus and Giroux. He is the author of five other books: Flowers in the Dustbin: the Rise of Rock & Roll, 1947-1977, winner of an ASCAP-Deems Taylor award and a Ralph Gleason BMI award for best music book of 1999; The Passion of Michel Foucault (1993), an interpretive essay on the life of the French philosopher, and a National Book Critics Circle Finalist for General Nonfiction; “Democracy is in the Streets”: Form Port Huron to the Siege of Chicago (1987), an account of the American student movement of the 1960s, also a National Book Critics Circle Finalist for General Nonfiction; Rousseau: Dreamer of Democracy (1984), a study of the origins of modern democracy; and History and Human Existence – From Marx to Merleau-Ponty, an analysis of Marx and the French existentialists. The original editor of The Rolling Stone Illustrated History of Rock and Roll (1976), he has written about music since 1967, when one of his early record reviews appeared in the third issue of Rolling Stone magazine. Subsequent reviews, profiles, and essays on music have appeared in New Times, The New Republic, The New York Times and Newsweek, where he was a book reviewer and pop music critic between 1981 and 1990. From 2000 to 2008, he was the editor of Daedalus, the journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. He has been a Guggenheim Fellow, an NEH Fellow twice, and in 2006-2007 he was a Fellow at the Dorothy and Lewis B. Cullman Center for Scholars and Writers at the New York Public Library. A native of Chicago, he was educated at Pomona College in California, and at Brandeis University, where he received a Ph.D. in the History of Ideas in 1976.

Peter L. Galison is Joseph Pellegrino University Professor and Director of the Collection of Historical Scientific Instruments in the Department of the History of Science at Harvard University. Galison's main work explores the complex interaction between the three principal subcultures of twentieth century physics--experimentation, instrumentation, and theory. He is author of three volumes, How Experiments End (1987), Image and Logic: A Material Culture of Microphysics (1997) and Theory Machines (under construction). Image & Logic won the Pfizer Award from the History of Science Society in October 1998. Other books include The Architecture of Science (1999) and Picturing Science, Producing Art (1998), as well as Big Science (1992), The Disunity of Science (1996), Atmospheric Flight in the 20th Century (2000), Scientific Authorship (2003), and Einstein for the 21st Century: His Legacy in Science, Art, and Modern Culture (2008). In 1997, Peter Galison was named a John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellow; in 1999, he was a winner of the Max Planck Prize given by the Max Planck Gesellschaft and Humboldt Stiftung.

Glenn Greenwald was a constitutional law litigator in New York, and is now a Contributing Writer at Salon, where he writes his daily political blog, Unclaimed Territory. Greenwald's first two books were New York Times Best Sellers: How Would a Patriot Act?, published in 2006, which critiqued the radical executive power theories of the Bush administration, and A Tragic Legacy: How a Good vs. Evil Mentality Destroyed the Bush Presidency, examining the legacy of the Bush administration for the United States, released in 2007.

Morton H. Halperin is a senior advisor to the Open Society Institute. In this capacity, he provides strategic guidance on U.S. and international issues. Halperin previously served as director of U.S. Advocacy for OSI. Halperin has a distinguished career in federal government, having served in the Clinton, Nixon, and Johnson administrations. In the Clinton administration, Halperin was director of the Policy Planning Staff at the Department of State (1998-2001), special assistant to the president and senior director for democracy at the National Security Council (1994-1996), and consultant to the secretary of defense and the under secretary of defense for policy (1993). He was nominated by the president for the position of assistant secretary of defense for democracy and peacekeeping. During the first nine months of the Nixon administration, Halperin was a senior staff member of the National Security Council staff with responsibility for National Security Planning (1969). In the Johnson administration, Halperin worked in the Department of Defense where he served as deputy assistant secretary of defense (International Security Affairs), responsible for political-military planning and arms control (1966-1969). Halperin also has a long record as a Washington advocate on national and international issues. He spent many years at the America Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), serving as the director of the Washington office from 1984 to 1992, where he was responsible for the national legislative program as well as the activities of the ACLU Foundation based in the Washington office. Halperin also served as the director of the Center for National Security Studies from 1975 to 1992, where he focused on issues affecting both civil liberties and national security. Halperin has been associated with a number of universities and think tanks including Harvard University where he taught for six years (1960-66) and the Council on Foreign Relations. He has been widely published in newspapers and magazines across the world, and has authored, coauthored, and edited more than a dozen books. The recipient of numerous awards, Halperin also serves as senior fellow at the Center for American Progress (CAP). He is chairman of the board of the Democracy Coalition Project. He is also chairman of the Board of the Health Privacy Project at Georgetown University. He serves on the boards of Debt AIDS Trade Africa (DATA) and The Constitution Project, and is the chair of the advisory board of the Center for National Security Studies.

Seymour M. Hersh is widely acknowledged as the most influential and acclaimed investigative reporter of the past 40 years. His special focus is, and has always been, the abuse of power in the name of national security. Hersh’s journalism and publishing prizes include the Pulitzer Prize, a record five George Polk Awards, the Lennon-Ono Peace Prize, and more than a dozen other prizes (Sigma Delta Chi, Worth Bingham, Sidney Hillman, etc.) for investigative reporting. His ground-breaking reports include many that are landmark events in American journalism: the Abu Ghraib prison abuse in Iraq, the My Lai massacre in Vietnam, the C.I.A.’s bombing of Cambodia, Henry Kissinger’s wiretapping of his own staff, and the C.I.A.’s efforts against Chile’s assassinated President, Salvador Allende. Most recently, Hersh’s articles in The New Yorker have probed the underside of the Iraq war, the looming threat of war with Iran, and the military quagmire caused by these conflicts. Hersh began his newspaper career as a police reporter for the City News Bureau of Chicago. He served in the Army and worked for a suburban newspaper and then for UPI and AP until late 1967, when he joined the Presidential campaign of Eugene J. McCarthy as speech writer and press secretary. Mr. Hersh joined The New York Times in 1972, working in Washington and New York. He left the paper in 1979 and has been a freelance writer since, with two six-month returns on special assignment to the Times’ Washington bureau. Mr. Hersh has published seven books. His book prizes include the 1983 National Book Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Times award for biography, and a second Sidney Hillman award, for The Price of Power: Kissinger in the Nixon White House. Mr. Hersh has also won two Investigative Reporters & Editors prizes, for the Kissinger book, in 1983, and in 1992 for a study of American foreign policy and the Israeli nuclear bomb program, The Samson Option. His most recent book is Chain of Command: The Road From 9/11 to Abu Ghraib.

Jameel Jaffer is a litigator for the American Civil Liberties Union and Director of the ACLU's National Security Project. Currently, his docket includes Doe v. Gonzales, a challenge to the FBI's "national security letter" authority; ACLU v. NSA, a challenge to the constitutionality of warrantless surveillance conducted by the National Security Agency; American Academy of Religion v. Chertoff, a challenge to the government's refusal to grant a visa to Swiss scholar Tariq Ramadan; and ACLU v. Department of Defense, litigation under the Freedom of Information Act for records concerning the treatment and detention of prisoners held by the U.S. in Afghanistan, Iraq, and at Guantánamo Bay. Jaffer is a graduate of Williams College, Cambridge University, and Harvard Law School. He is also co-author of Administration of Torture: A Documentary Record from Washington to Abu Ghraib and Beyond, with Amrit Singh, published by Columbia University Press, 2009.

Philip Kitcher is John Dewey Professor of Philosophy, James R. Barker Professor of Contemporary Civilization and Director of Undergraduate Studies for Columbia College at Columbia University. Previously, he has taught at Vassar College, the University of Vermont, the University of Michigan, the University of Minnesota and UC San Diego. He is the author of many books on science, literature, and music, including Living with Darwin: Evolution, Design, and the Future of Faith, Abusing Science: The Case Against Creationism, The Lives to Come: The Genetic Revolution and Human Possibilities, Vaulting Ambition: Sociobiology and the Quest for Human Knowledge, Science, Truth, and Democracy and In Mendel's Mirror.

Nicholas Lemann is Henry R. Luce Professor in The Journalism School at Columbia University. He became dean of the Graduate School of Journalism in 2003. Lemann continues to contribute to The New Yorker as a staff writer. He has published five books, most recently Redemption: The Last Battle of the Civil War (2006); The Big Test: The Secret History of the American Meritocracy (1999), which helped lead to a major reform of the SAT; and The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America (1991), which won several book prizes. He has written widely for such publications as The New York Times, The New York Review of Books, The New Republic, and Slate; worked in documentary television with Blackside, Inc., Frontline, the Discovery Channel, and the BBC; and lectured at many universities. Lemann serves on the boards of directors of the Authors Guild, the National Academy of Sciences’ Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education and the Academy of Political Science, and is a member of the New York Institute for the Humanities.

Eric Lichtblau joined The New York Times in September 2002 as a Washington correspondent covering the Justice Department in the Washington bureau. He was at the Los Angeles Times for 15 years, where he also covered the Justice Department in the Washington bureau from 1999 to 2002. He won a 2006 Pulitzer Prize for breaking the story of the National Security Agency’s wiretapping program. Author of Bush’s Law: The Remaking of American Justice (Pantheon, 2008).

Michael Oppenheimer is the Albert G. Milbank Professor of Geosciences and International Affairs in the Woodrow Wilson School and the Department of Geosciences at Princeton University. He is also Director of the Program in Science, Technology and Environmental Policy (STEP) at the Woodrow Wilson School and Faculty Associate of the Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences Program, Princeton Environmental Institute, and the Princeton Institute for International and Regional Studies. He is also a Visiting Professor of Law at NYU School of Law. He joined the Princeton faculty after more than two decades with The Environmental Defense Fund, a non-governmental, environmental organization, where he served as chief scientist and manager of the Climate and Air Program. Oppenheimer is a long-time participant in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2007, serving most recently as a lead author of the IPCC’s Fourth Assessment Report. He is currently a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Panel on Alternative Liquid Transportation Fuels. He is also a science advisor to The Environmental Defense Fund. Dr. Oppenheimer has been a guest on many television and radio programs, including ABC's This Week, Nightline, Alcove, The News Hour, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Charlie Rose, ABC News and the Colbert Report. He is the author of about 100 articles published in professional journals and is co-author (with Robert H. Boyle) of a 1990 book, Dead Heat: The Race Against The Greenhouse Effect.

Kenneth Prewitt is the Carnegie Professor of Public Affairs at the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University. He has taught at the University of Chicago (1965–82) as an assistant, associate, and full professor. He has also taught at Stanford University, Washington University, the University of Nairobi, and Makerere University (Uganda). He was also the dean of the Graduate Faculty at the New School University (2001–2002). Previous positions include director of the United States Census Bureau (1998–2001), director of the National Opinion Research Center, president of the Social Science Research Council, and senior vice president of the Rockefeller Foundation. Prewitt's publications include Politics and Science in Census Taking (2003), Introduction to American Government (6th edition, 1991), and "The U. S. Decennial Census: Political Questions, Scientific Answers" in the Population and Development Review. He has authored and coauthored a dozen books and more than 100 articles and book chapters. He is currently completing a historical study of the tortured consequences of the nation's official racial classification from 1790 to the present. Among his awards are a Guggenheim Fellowship, honorary degrees from Carnegie Mellon and Southern Methodist University, a Distinguished Service Award from the New School for Social Research, various awards associated with his directorship of the Census Bureau, and in 1990 he was awarded the Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit from the Federal Republic of Germany.

Daniel Sarewitz is Professor of Science and Society and Co-Director of the Consortium for Science, Policy & Outcomes (CSPO), at Arizona State University. His work focuses on revealing the connections between science policy decisions, scientific research and social outcomes. How does the distribution of the social benefits of science relate to the way that we organize scientific inquiry? What accounts for the highly uneven advance of know-how related to solving human problems? How do the interactions between scientific uncertainty and human values influence decision making? How does technological innovation influence politics? And, how can improved insight into such questions contribute to improved real-world practice? From 1989-1993 he worked on R&D policy issues as a staff member in the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, and principal speech writer for Committee Chairman George E. Brown, Jr.. He received a Ph.D. in Geological Sciences from Cornell University in 1986. He now directs the Washington, DC, office of CSPO, and concentrates his efforts on increasing CSPO's impact on federal science and technology policy processes.

Trebor Scholz is Assistant Professor in the Department of Culture and Media Studies at Eugene Lang College The New School for Liberal Arts. He is a writer, artist, media activist and founder of the Institute for Distributed Creativity. In 2009, he convened the international conference, The Internet as Playground and Factory. He co-edited The Art of Free Cooperation (Autonomedia, 2007).

Jonathan Zittrain is a Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, is a co-founder of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society and served as its first executive director from 1997-2000. His research includes digital property, privacy, and speech, and the role played by private "middlepeople" in Internet architecture. He has a strong interest in creative, useful, and unobtrusive ways to deploy technology in the classroom. He is author of The Future of the Internet--And How to Stop It (Yale University Press, 2008).